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Which of the following is a food allergen?

  1. Butter

  2. Gluten

  3. Lactose

  4. Sodium

The correct answer is: Gluten

Gluten is the correct answer because it is a common food allergen for individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and consuming it can trigger an immune response in people who are intolerant to it. This immune response can cause various symptoms ranging from mild discomfort to severe reactions. Butter, lactose, and sodium are not typically considered food allergens. Butter is a dairy product but does not contain the proteins that typically cause allergic reactions in individuals with lactose intolerance. Lactose is a sugar found in dairy products, not a protein that triggers allergic reactions. Sodium is a mineral commonly found in salt and other foods but is not an allergen in the same way that proteins like gluten can be.